WeatherWidget Air Index

Comprehensive guide to Air Pollution Index (AQI) levels, chemical pollutant concentrations, international standards, and health recommendations provided by OpenWeather for WeatherWidget.

OpenWeather Air Pollution API Global Standards (UK, EU, USA, China) Real-time & 4-Day Forecast Concentrations in μg/m³ & ppm

Introduction & Data Provider

WeatherWidget now delivers comprehensive environmental and air pollution intelligence alongside core meteorological data. Air quality data is sourced directly from OpenWeather's Air Pollution API. The service computes real-time, forecasted (up to 4 days with hourly granularity), and historical air pollution levels for any geographical coordinate across the globe.

Why Multiple Air Quality Standards? Different countries and environmental protection agencies apply specific legal limits, averaging durations (1-hour vs 8-hour vs 24-hour), and health vulnerability thresholds. WeatherWidget references both OpenWeather's universal 5-level AQI index and international benchmark scales from the United Kingdom (DAQI), European Union (CAQI), United States (US EPA AQI), and Mainland China (MEP HJ 633-2012).

Data Provider

OpenWeather ©

Global API Granularity

Hourly • 4-Day Forecast

Tracked Gaseous Pollutants

CO, NO, NO&sub2;, O&sub3;, SO&sub2;, NH&sub3;

Tracked Particulates

PM&sub2;.&sub5; and PM&sub1;&sub0;

Monitored Pollutants & Chemical Compounds

The API returns individual concentration readings for six primary index-determining pollutants plus two auxiliary compounds. Concentrations are measured in micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m³) or parts per million (ppm) / parts per billion (ppb).

Fine Particulate Matter PM&sub2;.&sub5;
≤ 2.5 μm

Microscopic airborne particles 2.5 micrometres or smaller. Able to penetrate deeply into the pulmonary alveoli and enter the bloodstream, triggering severe cardiovascular and respiratory complications.

Primary sources: Vehicle exhaust, power generation, wood burning, industrial combustion, agricultural fires.
Coarse Particulate Matter PM&sub1;&sub0;
≤ 10 μm

Inhalable particles up to 10 micrometres in diameter. Causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and throat, exacerbating chronic conditions like asthma and bronchitis.

Primary sources: Construction dust, road dust, agricultural soil tilling, quarrying, industrial mechanical processes.
Nitrogen Dioxide NO&sub2;
Toxic Gas

A reddish-brown pungent toxic gas formed through high-temperature combustion. Directly causes airway inflammation, reduces lung immunity, and serves as a critical precursor to ground-level ozone and secondary particulates.

Primary sources: Diesel and petrol motor vehicles, fossil fuel power plants, industrial boilers, indoor gas heating.
Sulphur Dioxide SO&sub2;
Irritant

A colorless gas with a choking odor. Rapidly causes bronchoconstriction and respiratory distress, especially in asthmatic individuals. A major contributor to acid rain and environmental acidification.

Primary sources: Coal and heavy oil combustion, ore smelting, petroleum refineries, shipping fuel combustion.
Ground-Level Ozone O&sub3;
Photochemical

A secondary atmospheric pollutant created through photochemical reactions between NOx and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) under strong sunlight. Causes intense lung irritation, coughing, and chest tightness.

Primary sources: Not emitted directly; formed via reaction of vehicle exhaust, chemical solvents, and sunlight during warm months.
Carbon Monoxide CO
Asphyxiant

An odorless, colorless gas resulting from incomplete fuel combustion. Binds preferentially to hemoglobin in blood to form carboxyhemoglobin, inhibiting oxygen delivery to vital organs and tissue.

Primary sources: Incomplete internal vehicle combustion, unvented heating appliances, gas fires, cigarette smoke.
Ammonia NH&sub3;
Compound

An alkaline gaseous compound with a pungent odor. Acts as a key catalyst in atmospheric chemistry by combining with nitric and sulphuric acids to form fine secondary ammonium particles.

Primary sources: Livestock manure, synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, chemical manufacturing, catalytic converters.
Nitrogen Monoxide NO
Compound

A free radical gas produced during high-temperature fuel burning. Readily oxidises in ambient air into nitrogen dioxide (NO&sub2;) and contributes to atmospheric ozone dynamics.

Primary sources: High-temperature vehicle combustion engines, power generation furnaces.

OpenWeather Global Air Quality Index (AQI 1–5)

This is OpenWeather's primary index scale, returned directly by the API in the main.aqi field. The index maps integer scores from 1 (Good) to 5 (Very Poor) based on pollutant concentrations (μg/m³).

Qualitative Status Index (AQI) SO&sub2; (μg/m³) NO&sub2; (μg/m³) PM&sub1;&sub0; (μg/m³) PM&sub2;.&sub5; (μg/m³) O&sub3; (μg/m³) CO (μg/m³)
Good 1 [0; 20) [0; 40) [0; 20) [0; 10) [0; 60) [0; 4400)
Fair 2 [20; 80) [40; 70) [20; 50) [10; 25) [60; 100) [4400; 9400)
Moderate 3 [80; 250) [70; 150) [50; 100) [25; 50) [100; 140) [9400; 12400)
Poor 4 [250; 350) [150; 200) [100; 200) [50; 75) [140; 180) [12400; 15400)
Very Poor 5 ≥ 350 ≥ 200 ≥ 200 ≥ 75 ≥ 180 ≥ 15400
Auxiliary Parameters: OpenWeather also reports nh3 (Ammonia: nominal range 0.1 – 200 μg/m³) and no (Nitrogen monoxide: nominal range 0.1 – 100 μg/m³). While available for scientific inquiry and air chemistry modeling, they do not directly modify the composite 1–5 AQI score.

United Kingdom Air Quality Index Scale (DAQI)

The UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) operates the Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI). The index uses a 10-point scale grouped into 4 qualitative bands to communicate air pollution health risks to the public.

Band Index Level SO&sub2; (μg/m³) NO&sub2; (μg/m³) PM&sub2;.&sub5; (μg/m³) PM&sub1;&sub0; (μg/m³) O&sub3; (μg/m³)
Low 1 0 – 88 0 – 67 0 – 11 0 – 16 0 – 33
Low 2 89 – 177 68 – 134 12 – 23 17 – 33 34 – 66
Low 3 178 – 266 135 – 200 24 – 35 34 – 50 67 – 100
Moderate 4 267 – 354 201 – 267 36 – 41 52 – 58 101 – 120
Moderate 5 355 – 443 268 – 334 42 – 47 59 – 66 121 – 140
Moderate 6 444 – 532 335 – 400 48 – 53 67 – 75 141 – 160
High 7 533 – 710 401 – 467 54 – 58 76 – 83 161 – 187
High 8 711 – 887 468 – 534 59 – 64 84 – 91 188 – 213
High 9 888 – 1064 535 – 600 65 – 70 92 – 100 214 – 240
Very High 10 ≥ 1065 ≥ 601 ≥ 71 ≥ 101 ≥ 241

European Air Quality Index Scale (CAQI)

Used across the European Union and monitored by the European Environment Agency (EEA). The Common Air Quality Index (CAQI) evaluates hourly and daily pollution concentrations to present comparable air quality figures across European metropolitan areas.

Qualitative Name Index / Sub-index NO&sub2; (μg/m³) PM&sub1;&sub0; (μg/m³) O&sub3; (μg/m³) PM&sub2;.&sub5; (μg/m³)
Very Low 0 – 25 0 – 50 0 – 25 0 – 60 0 – 15
Low 25 – 50 50 – 100 25 – 50 60 – 120 15 – 30
Medium 50 – 75 100 – 200 50 – 90 120 – 180 30 – 55
High 75 – 100 200 – 400 90 – 180 180 – 240 55 – 110
Very High > 100 > 400 > 180 > 240 > 110

USA Air Quality Index Scale (US EPA)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standard calculates an AQI running from 0 to 500+ across six health concern categories. Air quality values exceeding 300 represent emergency conditions.

AQI Range Level of Health Concern Color Code Health Description
0 to 50 Good Green Air quality is satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk.
51 to 100 Moderate Yellow Air quality is acceptable; however, a small number of people unusually sensitive to air pollution may suffer minor irritation.
101 to 150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Orange Members of sensitive groups (children, elderly, asthmatics) may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected.
151 to 200 Unhealthy Red Some members of the general public may experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.
201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple Health alert: The risk of health effects is increased for everyone in the population.
301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon Health warning of emergency conditions: Everyone is more likely to be seriously affected.
501 to 1000 Very Hazardous Brown Catastrophic emergency: Extreme health risks for the entire population.
US EPA Mathematical Breakpoint Recalculation Equation

To translate raw ambient pollutant concentrations into the standardized US AQI scale, the EPA uses piecewise linear interpolation between defined breakpoint concentrations:

I = [ (I_high - I_low) / (C_high - C_low) ] × (C - C_low) + I_low
I = The resulting Air Quality Index
C = The pollutant concentration
C_low = Concentration breakpoint ≤ C
C_high = Concentration breakpoint ≥ C
I_low = Index breakpoint for C_low
I_high = Index breakpoint for C_high
I_low – I_high O&sub3; (ppb 8-hr) O&sub3; (ppb 1-hr) PM&sub2;.&sub5; (μg/m³ 24-hr) PM&sub1;&sub0; (μg/m³ 24-hr) CO (ppm 8-hr) SO&sub2; (ppb) NO&sub2; (ppb 1-hr)
0 – 50 0 – 54 0.0 – 12.0 0 – 54 0.0 – 4.4 0 – 35 (1-hr) 0 – 53
51 – 100 55 – 70 12.1 – 35.4 55 – 154 4.5 – 9.4 36 – 75 (1-hr) 54 – 100
101 – 150 71 – 85 125 – 164 35.5 – 55.4 155 – 254 9.5 – 12.4 76 – 185 (1-hr) 101 – 360
151 – 200 86 – 105 165 – 204 55.5 – 150.4 255 – 354 12.5 – 15.4 186 – 304 (1-hr) 361 – 649
201 – 300 106 – 200 205 – 404 150.5 – 250.4 355 – 424 15.5 – 30.4 305 – 604 (24-hr) 650 – 1249
301 – 400 405 – 504 250.5 – 350.4 425 – 504 30.5 – 40.4 605 – 804 (24-hr) 1250 – 1649
401 – 500 505 – 604 350.5 – 500.4 505 – 604 40.5 – 50.4 805 – 1004 (24-hr) 1650 – 2049

Mainland China Air Quality Index Scale (HJ 633-2012)

Administered by China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEP) under technical guideline HJ 633-2012. The system evaluates an Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) for each pollutant, with the overall AQI determined by the highest individual IAQI value.

AQI Range Air Pollution Level Air Pollution Category General Health Assessment
0 – 50 Level 1 Excellent No air pollution risk; outdoor physical activity is unrestricted.
51 – 100 Level 2 Good Air quality is acceptable; very sensitive people should limit heavy exertion.
101 – 150 Level 3 Lightly Polluted Mild irritation possible in vulnerable groups; reduce intense outdoor sports.
151 – 200 Level 4 Moderately Polluted Healthy population shows slight symptoms; vulnerable groups experience aggravated distress.
201 – 300 Level 5 Heavily Polluted Noticeably reduced endurance in healthy population; stay indoors.
> 300 Level 6 Severely Polluted Severe hazard; general population should avoid outdoor physical exertion.
Mainland China Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) Breakpoints

Concentrations are specified in μg/m³ (except Carbon Monoxide CO, which is measured in mg/m³):

IAQI SO&sub2; (24h) SO&sub2; (1h)¹ NO&sub2; (24h) NO&sub2; (1h)¹ PM&sub1;&sub0; (24h) CO (24h)* CO (1h)*¹ O&sub3; (1h) O&sub3; (8h) PM&sub2;.&sub5; (24h)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
50 50 150 40 100 50 2 5 160 100 35
100 150 500 80 200 150 4 10 200 160 75
150 475 650 180 700 250 14 35 300 215 115
200 800 800 280 1200 350 24 60 400 265 150
300 1600 (2) 565 2340 420 36 90 800 800 250
400 2100 (2) 750 3090 500 48 120 1000 (3) 350
500 2620 (2) 940 3840 600 60 150 1200 (3) 500
Standard Regulation Notes:
* CO units are in mg/m³. All other pollutant columns are in μg/m³.
(1) SO&sub2;, NO&sub2;, and CO 1-hour average concentrations are applied strictly for real-time reporting. For 24-hour daily reporting, the 24-hour average concentration is mandated.
(2) If the SO&sub2; concentration exceeds 800 μg/m³, use the index calculated from the 24-hour concentration instead.
(3) If the O&sub3; 8-hour concentration exceeds 800 μg/m³, use the index derived from the 1-hour concentration instead.

Health Implications & Protective Recommendations

Understanding ambient pollution levels allows you to plan outdoor physical activities, commute times, and indoor ventilation safely. Here is actionable guidance tailored to general populations and sensitive individuals:

Air Quality: Good • Fair
AQI 1 – 2

Air quality is ideal for all normal activities. Perfect conditions for outdoor exercise, cycling, running, and natural building ventilation.

Action: Open windows, enjoy outdoor activities without restriction.
Air Quality: Moderate
AQI 3

Slight risk for highly sensitive individuals with chronic asthma or COPD. Mild throat tickle or eye irritation may occur after hours of strenuous outdoor exertion.

Action: Sensitive individuals should carry relief inhalers and monitor symptoms during outdoor workouts.
Air Quality: Poor • Very Poor
AQI 4 – 5

Elevated health risks for the general population. Children, seniors, and individuals with cardiovascular disease should avoid prolonged outdoor exposure.

Action: Keep windows shut, operate HEPA air filtration indoors, and consider certified particulate respirators (N95/FFP2) outdoors.

WeatherWidget Setup & Configuration

WeatherWidget provides seamless toggles to display real-time air quality index scores and individual chemical pollutant concentrations directly inside your desktop overlay.

Enabling Air Quality in Settings: Open WeatherWidget Settings via the system tray menu → Navigate to the Data Display tab → Check the Air Quality Index (AQI) and Pollution Components (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2) checkboxes. Changes apply immediately!
config.json — Air Quality Settings Example
{
  "display": {
    "show_air_pollution": true,
    "show_aqi_badge": true,
    "show_fine_particles": true,
    "preferred_aqi_standard": "openweather",  // "openweather" | "uk_daqi" | "europe_caqi" | "us_epa" | "china_mep"
    "temperature_unit": "C"
  },
  "provider": {
    "name": "openweathermap",
    "api_key": "YOUR_OPENWEATHERMAP_API_KEY",
    "refresh_interval_minutes": 30
  }
}

For full instructions on configuring cities, monitors, transparency, hotkeys, and automated startup, refer to the complete WeatherWidget User Manual.

Quick Reference & Specifications

Primary Source

OpenWeather Air Pollution

Documentation URL

openweathermap.org/api

Standard Units

μg/m³ (Mass Concentration)

Historical Archive

From 27th Nov 2020

Global Coordinate Support

Latitude / Longitude Pairs

API Cache TTL

10 – 30 Minutes